The role and principle of reactive power compensation using parallel capacitors (Figure)

Many of the electrical equipment in the power grid operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They establish an alternating magnetic field during the energy conversion process, and the power absorbed in one cycle is equal to the power released. This power is called reactive power. In the power system, not only the active power balance, but also the reactive power should be balanced.

The relationship between active power, reactive power, and apparent power is shown in Figure 1.

It can be seen from the power triangle that under a certain active power, the smaller the power factor cosφ of the power enterprise, the greater the reactive power required. If the reactive power is not supplied by the capacitor, it must be supplied by the power transmission system. To meet the requirements of power consumption, the capacity of the power supply line and the transformer needs to be increased. In this way, not only increase power investment, reduce equipment utilization, but also increase line loss. To this end, the National Electricity Supply Regulations stipulate that reactive power should be balanced on the ground. Users should design and install reactive power compensation equipment on the basis of improving the natural power factor of power consumption, and timely invest in their load and voltage changes. Or cut off to prevent reactive reversal. It is also stipulated that the power factor of the user should reach the corresponding standard, otherwise the power supply department can refuse to supply power. Therefore, whether it is for the power supply department or the power supply department, it is very important to automatically compensate the reactive power to improve the power factor and prevent reactive power reversal, thereby saving power and improving the operation quality.

The basic principle of reactive power compensation is to connect the device with capacitive power load and the inductive power load to the same circuit, and the energy is exchanged between the two loads. Thus, the reactive power required for the inductive load can be compensated for by the reactive power output of the capacitive load.

At present, parallel capacitors are widely used as reactive power compensation devices at home and abroad. The method has the advantages of convenient installation, short construction period, low cost, simple operation and maintenance, and low self-loss.

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