Throughout the country's logistics fires in recent years: At 2:42 am on March 8, 2011, a fire broke out in a warehouse in Shandong Baihe Warehouse Logistics Center where plates, decoration materials, shoes and hats were stored. The Jinan Public Security Fire Brigade was mobilized after receiving the police. Twelve squadrons of 41 fire engines and more than 100 officers and soldiers came to the scene to fight, the fire area was about 7,000 square meters; on May 3, 2011 at 15:30 pm, the road transportation in Gansu Province, about 5 kilometers away from the center of Lanzhou A fire broke out in the rescue support center. About 5,000 refrigerators and freezers were burned in the fire. At 0:00 on July 22, 2011, the Taiheyi Logistics Park in Guangzhou Baiyun District caught fire. The fire area was over 6,000 square meters. The large amount of refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines stored in this store were burned and lost hundreds of millions of yuan; at 1:30 am on February 23, 2012, Xihanggang Avenue, 1 km away from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, stores household appliances and food. A large-scale logistics warehouse was involved in a fire, and more than 120 officers and men of 22 fire engines were dispatched by the fire to fight for 5 hours before the fire was controlled. Throughout the fire situation of logistics enterprises in Changshu City, the fire of the open-air waste paper yard of Lee & Man Paper Co., Ltd., which was approved at 1:30 pm on December 5, 2008, is the most typical fire. The area of ​​fire and fire is about 2,000 square meters, causing property damage. 20 million yuan.
It can be seen from the above fire accidents that in recent years, with the rapid development of the social economy, various types of logistics enterprises have sprung up, and as a transit station for daily production and daily flow of materials, it has continuously shown a trend of scale and complexity. Economic value and personnel intensity are increasing. The construction speed of logistics warehouses, which is an important part of logistics, has also been significantly improved. The scale of logistics warehouses has also been centralized, large-scale and large-scale. This not only increases the fire risk in the logistics industry, but also increases the fire load. In the event of a fire, it is likely to cause major casualties and property losses, and the difficulty of fire fighting is also significantly improved.
First, the classification of the logistics industry
From the different functions of the logistics industry, it can be divided into two major categories: one is the storage of goods, that is, the main form of goods, such logistics is mainly composed of large warehouses, office buildings and supporting living houses. The characteristics are that the storage of goods in the warehouse is large, the fire load is large, the cargo flow is large, and the flow of personnel is relatively small. The other type is to provide transit and accommodation for the transport vehicles. Such logistics are usually used for parking lots and loading. It consists of houses, small and medium-sized warehouses, and supporting living service houses. It is characterized by large mobility of personnel, goods and vehicles, high personnel intensity and difficult management.
Second, the current situation of fire safety in Changshu logistics industry in Suzhou
At present, the logistics industry in Changshu, Suzhou is mainly warehousing and logistics. The main storage materials are solid fuels such as food and beverage, household appliances, daily necessities and mechanical and electrical products. In addition, from the distribution of logistics industry in Changshu City, it is mainly concentrated in the clothing city and the Yanjiang Development Zone. The clothing city is mainly transited, and the Yanjiang Development Zone is mainly warehoused.
(I) Analysis of the status quo of warehousing logistics fire safety
1. The building changes its nature of use. The original design storage items were D, E, and the actual storage items were Class C, which changed the nature of use and the internal fire protection facilities failed to keep up with it in time.
2. The building area and space span are large. Logistics warehouses generally have a large building area, and the height and span are relatively large. However, large areas, large spans, and large spaces are likely to cause the spread and development of fires.
3. The building has a low fire resistance rating. The general logistics warehouses are mostly temporary simple warehouses and rebuilt warehouses. The structure is mainly steel structure, and its fire resistance is poor.
4. The warehouse space is high and the smoke is difficult. The exhaust methods of the existing logistics warehouses mainly include skylights or walls near the skylights, which open the normally open windows for natural smoke evacuation and mechanical smoke exhaust facilities at the top. However, no matter what method is adopted, due to the high warehouse space, the shelves and goods are piled up in large quantities, and the high-risk state of strong smoke, high temperature and low visibility occurs in the event of fire, which is not conducive to personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue.
(II) Analysis of current situation of fire safety in transit logistics
1. The fire protection facilities are not in place. Due to the overall needs of urban construction planning, most of the transit logistics sites are located in suburban junctions and areas with relatively small population densities. Due to geographical constraints, the basic fire protection facilities in these areas are relatively weak.
2, personnel intensive, storage materials and fire load. The material cycle is short, the liquidity is large, and the operation flow is fast. Most of the purchase and delivery areas are manually unpacked, sorted, and packaged, resulting in denser personnel in some areas. In addition, a large amount of combustible materials such as daily necessities, textile and chemical fiber products, wood paper, household appliances, plastics and rubber products are often stored in the warehouse, resulting in a large overall fire load.
3, stacking is not standardized, the fire truck passage is blocked. Due to cost considerations, the space that can be utilized in the general logistics link is utilized as much as possible. Some safe spaces that must be reserved are also occupied. The entire site is piled up and messy, and the layout of the stack lacks scientific guidance, which does not meet the necessary fire safety standards.
4, easy to produce "three in one" phenomenon. Most of the logistics companies, because the merchants are worried about the loss of the goods stored in the warehouse, will not arrange the personnel to check the goods in the transfer warehouse without the approval of the fire department, and even some "small stoves" in the warehouse where some people stay. There are a lot of fire safety hazards in the simple electric wiring to cook and boil water.
5. The fire safety awareness of the employees in transit logistics is weak. Many transit logistics owners are not aware of fire safety, lack understanding of fire safety, can not correctly handle the relationship between development and safety, pay insufficient attention to fire protection work, invest less, and even improve fire protection construction as a burden. Moreover, most of the employees are migrant workers who have not undergone fire safety training, and smoking in the yards and warehouses is extremely common.
Third, the logistics industry fire prevention measures analysis
(1) In terms of planning and construction. On the one hand, we must give full play to the leading role of local party committees and governments at all levels and relevant industry authorities, effectively incorporate fire safety work into daily supervision and services, and continuously increase investment in fire safety public facilities, fire water sources, fire trucks, fire equipment and The city and economic construction will be implemented simultaneously, and the overall fire protection plan for the area where warehousing and logistics is located will be improved, and the transformation of fire equipment and equipment from quantity to quality will be gradually realized. On the other hand, it is necessary to prevent the breeding of fire hazards at the source. The construction unit and the design unit should work hard on the plan and drawing design of the pre-planning plan. In the fire zone, try to adopt the layout with a wider face than the depth, and take the shape of the rectangular parallelepiped as much as possible. Shorten the continuous length of the shelf; adopt fire-resisting protection to the steel component in improving the structural fire resistance; spray thick fire-retardant coating on the load-bearing steel column to ensure that the fire-resisting grade is not lower than the second-class; in the storage material storage, according to the characteristics of the goods stored in the logistics warehouse and The fire hazard of the warehouse is classified and stored; the internal and external passages are set to ensure that the distance between the internal shelves not only satisfies the reasonable arrangement of the shelves, but also meets the relevant evacuation, ensuring that the external circular fire truck passages are provided as required to ensure the outer wall of each fire partition. At least two direct outdoor outlets are provided on the top; natural smoke exhaust and necessary mechanical exhaust facilities are implemented on the exhaust facility setting.
(2) In terms of implementing responsibility. On the one hand, it is necessary to establish a sound fire safety responsibility mechanism. The logistics enterprise itself should start from the implementation of the fire safety responsibility system, the division of the fire safety responsibility zone, and the construction of the fire protection responsibility chain, and clarify the legal representative as the fire safety responsibility of the enterprise. The fire safety work is responsible for the overall responsibility, and according to the internal nature of the layout, the grid is divided into space, the fire safety responsible person of each grid responsibility area is determined, and each grid is urged to focus on the implementation of each link. A closed and cyclical fire safety responsibility chain enables fire safety responsibility to be transmitted among the responsible persons in various regions, fundamentally eliminating the blind spots of fire protection management and fire safety responsibility, and achieving a lasting and effective safety management mechanism. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the fire prevention propaganda and patrol work, and incorporate the fire protection propaganda and fire inspections in the warehousing and logistics into the work duties of the management personnel, and set up a volunteer (obligatory) fire brigade with necessary fire fighting equipment to make up for the initial fire fighting. The power of the fire brigade is insufficient.
(3) In terms of daily supervision. The first is to achieve the advancement of the gate. As the competent department of daily fire supervision and management, the public security and fire departments must effectively move the regulatory barrier forward, strictly examine and verify, carefully and carefully compare the relevant laws and design specifications, and increase the supervision of drawing design, construction site and completion acceptance. Inspect and spot check, urge and rectify relevant hidden dangers, and effectively kill the hidden dangers of fire in the bud. The second is to achieve linkage law enforcement. In the process of carrying out daily supervision and management, the public security fire department must carry out special inspections such as major pre-holiday inspections and “three-in-one†fire hazard inspections, and effectively implement the “three-in-one†rectification office and safety supervision. The related law enforcement departments of industry and commerce, urban management and other relevant functional departments will further strengthen law enforcement. In case of difficulties in rectifying and rectifying enterprises, they should promptly request the government to supervise and establish a long-term supervision mechanism. The third is to achieve a combination of missions. The public security fire department should supervise the warehousing and logistics enterprises to learn relevant fire laws and regulations, use rich case resources to carry out positive and negative typical education, fully realize the importance and necessity of fire protection work, enhance the awareness of fire safety, and publicize the employees. Education and training, so that they have the necessary knowledge of fire prevention and fire fighting, conduct regular fire drills, and carry out centralized publicity through vivid pictures, fire cases, special lectures, etc., effectively improve employee inspections to eliminate fire hazards, organize evacuation and escape, and save The ability to start a fire will gradually form a new pattern of fire safety management for self-inspection of fire prevention, self-revision of hidden dangers, and self-responsibility.
(4) In terms of fire fighting. First, we must intervene in advance and make reasonable plans for fire fighting and rescue. It is necessary to actively carry out on-the-spot investigations and formulate reasonable fire-fighting and rescue plans for warehousing and logistics enterprises. It is necessary to know the surrounding water sources, traffic roads, internal structures, material storage, evacuation passages, important parts and fire protection facilities of their own buildings. Conditions must be carried out in the field to fully understand the parts that can be demolished. The second is to conduct a strict fire reconnaissance and comprehensively grasp the situation of the fire. The reconnaissance of the warehouse logistics warehouse fire is the primary task of the firefighting troops after they arrive at the fire. The purpose is to fully understand and master the fire situation, and provide the basis for the commander to accurately judge the situation and issue decisions. The third is to strengthen the first outing and actively implement control. For warehousing and logistics fires, the fire brigade should effectively strengthen the dispatch of the first power generation, and strive for the initiative of fire fighting work, and dispatch the water tanker, the ladder truck, the foam car, the rescue vehicle, the lighting vehicle, the demolition vehicle, etc. in one place. Fire grab time. The fourth is to use tactics flexibly and eliminate the combination. Warehousing and logistics warehouses often have long time and difficulty in fighting. Therefore, in view of the large amount of storage materials and the concentration of storage, the principle of keeping fire and drainage synchronized should be adopted in the process of fighting, and the principle of ventilation and smoke prevention should be implemented carefully to prevent accelerated combustion. The principle of combining forces to eliminate fire-fighting forces and evacuating materials is adhered to, and the principle of combining the implementation of the plan and the flexible command of the venue is adhered to. The fifth is to pay attention to their own protection and completely eliminate the residual fire. In the process of fire fighting, especially when deepening internal attack, we must pay attention to the combatant's own safety protection: entering the smoke-filling area, the commander should wear a good air breathing apparatus to prevent poisoning; during internal attack, it is necessary to prevent the pile of goods and roof collapse. Casualties; choose a water gun position to have a strong support position to prevent accidents; in the remnant stage, concentrate on the already burning goods, especially fiber piles, take a side shot to extinguish the fire, check the first fire, first extinguish the open fire, Then move the smoldering and smoking materials to the outside and use the spray water to completely eliminate the residual fire.
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