The concept of non-visual sensitization

H-vision is the most direct and most important channel for people to obtain information from the outside world: light enters the human eye, and the visual cells in the retina are crystallized to generate a visual image, and the information is fed back to the sympathetic nerves between the curved leaves of the knee and knee by the optic nerve. The visual cortical cells delivered to the back of the brain respond accordingly and produce a visual sensation. There are two kinds of visual cells that adapt to different brightnesses on the retina of the eye: rod cells and cone cells. When the ambient brightness is greater than 3 cd/mz (bright environment), the cone cells function as photopic, specializing in darkness and color; when the ambient brightness is lower than 0.03 cd/mz, the rod cells act as The role, called scotopic, focuses on different gray levels in the dark environment. There is no color perception, only different shades of light. At brilliances between 3 and 0.03 cd/mz, both visual cells function at the same time, called mesopic.

The discovered circadian clock is responsible for controlling the rhythm of people's activities. It is closely related to the factors such as sunlight, time, or region. It can be affirmed that there is certainly another unknown photoreceptor cell and transport channel in the sensory process of light. They are collectively referred to as non-visual sensitization systems (NVPS). In 1954, Barmann pointed out that the pineal gland of mammals may have two functions of hormones and neurotransmitters. At the same time, Scharrer first proposed the "photo-nerve-endocrine system".

In 2002, David from Brown University. M. Prof. Berson published a study on the non-visual sensitization system in the United States. Studies have shown that there is a ganglion cell that can sense light in the retina of a mammal. When it receives light stimulation, it does not transmit the stimulation signal to the visual cortex of the human brain, but directly conducts it to the hypothalamus and passes through it. The hypothalamus conducts the pineal gland. By stimulating the pineal gland, it regulates the secretion of melatonin, thereby functioning to manage the body's physiological time, coordinating and controlling people's rhythm and activity at different times. This type of cells, which differ from the two types of visual cells mentioned above, are called photoreceptor ganglion cells (ipRGCs).

Cirtopic is a new creation that is synonymous with another unique non-visual function of the eye, translated as Sichen Optics.

Stimulation of ipRGCs is most sensitive to light at a wavelength of 484 nm, i.e., blue light is greenish, and melatonin has a biological effect peak wavelength of 500 nm, blue-green light. The visible wavelength range of the human eye is 380 nm to 760 nm, and the wavelength of the most sensitive light to the human eye is 555 nm. In general, there is a significant difference in the wavelength of light that is most sensitive to photosensitive and non-photosensitive vision systems. In-depth exploration of this difference may give rise to many unexpected discoveries. For example, the effects of different shades of light on human sleep, the use of lighting to adjust the human circadian rhythm, through lighting affect the human physiological state and so on.